core: support electrification overlaps

[eckter]

Fix a subset of #6451. I'll update this issue once it's merged to track what's left.

Makes https://github.com/osrd-project/osrd-confidential/issues/946 easier.

[codecov-commenter]

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Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 81.96%. Comparing base (a98e13c) to head (95c6c3f).
Report is 8 commits behind head on dev.

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Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev   #10763      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   81.96%   81.96%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files        1076     1076              
  Lines      107551   107551              
  Branches      731      731              
==========================================
- Hits        88156    88154       -2     
- Misses      19356    19358       +2     
  Partials       39       39              

Flag	Coverage Δ
editoast	74.39% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️
front	89.46% <ø> (ø)
gateway	2.18% <ø> (ø)
osrdyne	3.28% <ø> (ø)
railjson_generator	87.50% <ø> (ø)
tests	88.14% <ø> (ø)

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[Erashin]

Good first step gj.