core: add context to logged exceptions

[eckter]

I just found myself seeing an exception in core logs, and I really wanted to read the included context

[codecov-commenter]

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Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 42.52%. Comparing base (1bd519d) to head (2ce84d8).
Report is 3 commits behind head on dev.

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Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##                dev    #9621      +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage     42.53%   42.52%   -0.02%     
- Complexity     2271     2272       +1     
============================================
  Files          1311     1311              
  Lines        105459   105460       +1     
  Branches       3297     3297              
============================================
- Hits          44860    44848      -12     
- Misses        58653    58666      +13     
  Partials       1946     1946              

Flag	Coverage Δ
core	75.05% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
editoast	73.73% <ø> (-0.05%)	⬇️
front	18.79% <ø> (ø)
gateway	2.18% <ø> (ø)
osrdyne	3.28% <ø> (ø)
railjson_generator	87.49% <ø> (ø)
tests	86.74% <ø> (ø)

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