Upgrade golang version to 1.24

[cmaglie]

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What kind of change does this PR introduce?

As per subject.

What is the current behavior?

What is the new behavior?

Does this PR introduce a breaking change, and is titled accordingly?

Other information

[cmaglie]

Could not upgrade due to this:

2025-02-27T10:35:36.7331257Z Installing platform opentracker:[email protected]...
2025-02-27T10:35:36.7334083Z Error during install: Cannot install platform: installing platform opentracker:[email protected]: extracting archive: Create file C:\Users\runneradmin\AppData\Local\Temp\cli2305421146\A\tmp\package-162356431\1.0.5\system\libsam\build_gcc\NUL: open C:\Users\runneradmin\AppData\Local\Temp\cli2305421146\A\tmp\package-162356431\1.0.5\system\libsam\build_gcc\NUL: Incorrect function.
2025-02-27T10:35:36.7336277Z �[90m<<< Run completed (err = exit status 1)�[0m
2025-02-27T10:35:36.7336881Z ##[endgroup]
2025-02-27T10:35:36.7337272Z     core_test.go:1367: 
2025-02-27T10:35:36.7338737Z         	Error Trace:	D:/a/arduino-cli/arduino-cli/internal/integrationtest/core/core_test.go:1367
2025-02-27T10:35:36.7339517Z         	Error:      	Received unexpected error:
2025-02-27T10:35:36.7340073Z         	            	exit status 1
2025-02-27T10:35:36.7340628Z         	Test:       	TestCoreInstallWithWrongArchiveSize
2025-02-27T10:35:38.3263830Z --- FAIL: TestCoreInstallWithWrongArchiveSize (10.14s)

There is a regression in golang 1.24.0: golang/go#71752, we need to wait for go1.24.1.